Academic Writing
Tips for academic papers and research
How to Build a Reference List from Scratch
Step-by-step guide to building a bibliography from scratch: collecting sources, recording metadata, and formatting your reference list.
How to Cite Secondary Sources (As Cited In)
Secondary source citations explained: when to use 'as cited in' and how to format them in APA, MLA, and Chicago.
How to Handle Citations in Grad School Application Materials
When and how to cite sources in personal statements, writing samples, and research proposals for graduate school.
Citation Tips for Research Proposals That Build Credibility
How to handle citations in research proposals, including source counts, citing your own work, and building credibility.
Set Up a Citation Workflow for Summer Research
A practical guide to organizing references from day one of your REU, lab position, or independent research project.
10 Common Citation Mistakes and How to Fix Them
Avoid the most frequent citation errors students make, from missing DOIs to incorrect et al. usage.
How to Organize References for a Literature Review
Practical strategies for collecting, organizing, and citing sources in your literature review.
How to Write an Annotated Bibliography
Step-by-step instructions for writing annotated bibliographies in APA and MLA, with real examples.
How to Paraphrase Without Plagiarizing
Paraphrase correctly without plagiarizing: a 5-step method with APA, MLA, and Chicago citation examples.
Last-Minute Thesis Bibliography Checklist
A practical checklist to format and verify your thesis bibliography before the submission deadline.